FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE CAMPUS, MUMBAI,

 MAHARASHTRA STATE.

 

T. SRINIVASU AND SATISH  PARDESHI 

Department of Botany, Institute of Science, 15, Madame Cama Road, Fort, Mumbai-32.

 

            The floristic survey of the Institute of Science, Mumbai was done as a part of ‘electronic herbarium and digitaldatabase preparation of Mumbai’. It consists of 73 trees, 54 shrubs, 87 herbs, 19 climbers and 1 liana belongs to various families of Angiosperms, Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes. There are many useful plants growing under different conditions have been revealed herein.

The Institute of science is located in the fort area of south Mumbai, is one of the oldest institutions in Mumbai for science. Formerly, it was known as the Royal Institute of Science. It lies geographically between 19o L and 72o 50’ L. The Botanical garden of Institute of Science occupies 0.2 hectares of land with rich flora and some plants are the sole representatives for entire Mumbai. The campus has some Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes too. The entire flora of institute of Science Botanical garden is not reported earlier either in ‘Flora of Maharashtra’ or ‘Flora of Maharashtra state’, which was published recently. This Institute has its own herbarium house contain many holotype species and is the one of the oldest herbaria in India, dates back to 1884. A detail study of the flora of the institute was carried out from April 2003 to April 2005 for preparation of electronic herbarium and digital database of Mumbai. The National Accreditation and Assessment Committee (2002), Bangalore has declared the Institute of Science botanical garden is well maintained one. The list of plants found in the campus is given below along with its family, habit, common names, and its socio-economic uses.

The plants of the campus were surveyed in different seasons during 2003-2005.  The plants images were taken and samples were correctly identified by usual taxonomic methods and species names were tallied with plant names given in the International plant list available in the website. The data was fed in the DELTA software package and later on bio-information was retrieved from it.

The floristic survey of the Institute of Science, Mumbai reveals the information that it consists of 73 trees, 54 shrubs, 87 herbs, 19 climbers and 1 liana  belongs to various families of Angiosperms, Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes. There are many socio-economical valuable plants growing in the campus.  Those are 77 ornamental; 60 medicinal; 4 both ornamental and medicinal; 16 edible fruit yielding; 5 spice and condiments; 4 fodder yielding, 3 timber yielding 3 vegetable plants;1 leafy vegetable; 1 oil yielding;  3 cosmetic plants, 2 bamboos; 1 fire-wood yielding plant; 1 fragrant flowered; 1 camphor, 2 cotton, 1 dye yielding plant & 5 aquatic weeds.

Out of these, 2 plants are rare and 2 are endangered.

 

Botanical names

Family

Habit

Common names

Socio-economic uses

Angiosperms

 

 

 

 

Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees

Acanthaceae

H

Aboli.

Ornamental

Adhatoda vasica Nees

Acanthaceae

S

Adulsa.

Medicinal

Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlk. ex Lindou.

Acanthaceae

         S

--

--

Ruellia tuberosa L

Acanthaceae

S

Minnieroot.

--

Acorus calamus L.

Acoraceae

H

Sweet flag, calamus root, Yakand, calamus.

Medicinal

Agave sisalana Perrine

Agavaceae

S

Sisal hemp.

Fiber-yielding

Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawl.

Agavaceae

H

Fragrant dracaena.

Ornamental

Achyranthes aspera (L) var. aspera

Amaranthaceae

H

Aghara, devil's horsewhip.

Medicinal

Aerua lanata (L.) A. L. Juss. ex Schultes

Amaranthaceae

H

Madhuri, kapuri, kupuri, aerva.

Medicinal

Aerva Javanica  (Burman f.) A. L. Juss. ex Schultes

Amaranthaceae

H

Java aerva.

--

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. x DC.

Amaranthaceae

H

Kanchri, jaljamba, sessile joyweed.

Medicinal

Amaranthus spinosus L.

Amaranthaceae

H

Fox tail, prickly, Kate math, spiny  amaranthus, Kaantili chaulai.

Medicinal

Amaranthus viridis L.

Amaranthaceae

H

Slender amaranth, wild amaranth, green pigweed, Math.

Medicinal

Anacardium occidentale L.

Anacardiaceae

T

Cashew, East Indian Almond, Kaju.

Medicinal

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae

T

Mango, Amba, Aam.

Edible fruit

Annona reticulata L.

Annonaceae

T

Bullock’s-heart, custard apple, Ramphal.

Edible fruits

Annona squamosa L

Annonaceae

T

Sweetsop, sugar apple, sitaphal.

Edible fruits

Artabotrys hexapetalous (L. f.) Bhandari

Annonaceae

S

Green champa, Hirva champa, Hara champa, climbing ilang-ilang

Cosmetic hair oil & medicinal

Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw.

Annonaceae

T

False Asoka.

Avenue

Adenium obesum  (Forssk.) Roem. &amp. Schult.

Apocynaceae

S

Adenachakanher, Desert rose.

Ornamental

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Apocynaceae

T

Devil’s tree, Saptpani.

Medicinal

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

Apocynaceae

H

Madagascar periwinkle, sadahuli, sadapkuli.

Medicinal

Kopsia fructicosa A. DC.

Apocynaceae

S

Shrub vinca.

Ornamental

Plumeria rubra forma tricolour (R. & S.) Woodrow

Apocynaceae

T

Frangipani, deo chapa, khair champa.

Ornamental

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Bth. ex Kurz

Apocynaceae

S

Serpina, Sarpagandha, Hadki.

Medicinal

Rauwolfia tetraphylla L.

Apocynaceae

S

be still tree

--

Tabernaemontana citrifolia L.

Apocynaceae

S

Adam's apple, milk wood, swastika.

Ornamental

Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) Br. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes

Apocynaceae

S

Moonbeam, waxflower, east Indian rosebay, tagar, chandni, pinwheel flower.

Ornamental

Anthurium crystallinum Lindl. & Andre

Araceae

H

--

Ornamental

Dieffenbenbaehia pictum Scnhtt.

Araceae

H

Dumb cane.

Ornamental

Monstera deliciosa L

Araceae

C

Tarovine, Ceriman.

Ornamental

Pothos scandens L

Araceae

H

Money plant.

Ornamental

Areca catechu   L.

Arecaceae

T

Betel-nut palm, Supari.

Betel-nut

Caryota urens L.

Arecaceae

T

Fish-tail palm, Jaggery palm.

Ornamental

Cocos nucifera L.

Arecaceae

T

Coconut palm, Nariyal.

Fiber yielding

Colocasia esculenta  (L.) Schott

Arecaceae

H

Alu, coco yam, chamkara.

Edible tubers

Livistonia chinensis   (Jacq.) R. Br. ex Mart.

Arecaceae

T

Fan palm, fountain palm.

Ornamental

Oreodoxa regia H. B. & K.

Arecaceae

T

Royal palm, Bottle palm.

Ornamental

Ageratum houstonianum   P. Mill.

Asteraceae

H

Blue mink.

--

Blumea lanuginosa (Clarke) Cook. ex Almeida

Asteraceae

H

--

--

Elephantopus scaber L.

Asteraceae

H

Prickly-leaved elephanti's foot, Hastipata.

Medicinal

Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.

Asteraceae

H

Niger, karal, kala-til.

Oil yielding crop

Synedrella  nodiflora ( L.) Gaertn.

Asteraceae

H

Node weed.

--

Tridax procumbens L.

Asteraceae

H

Tun-tuni, Dagdipala, Ekdandi, Pathri, Bhamburda, coatbuttons.

Medicinal

Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less.

Asteraceae

H

Fleabane, sahadevi, mothi sadori.

Medicinal

Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merrill

Asteraceae

H

--

Ornamental

Impatiens balsamina L.

Balsaminaceae

H

Spotted snapweed

--

Basella alba L.

Basellaceae

C

Mayaki Bhaji., Ceylon spinach.

Leafy vegetable

Begonia coccinea Hook.

Begoniaceae

H

Scarlet begonia

Ornamental

*Begonia deliciosa

Begoniaceae

H

--

Ornamental

Cuspidaria hymenaea (DC.) Almeida  (Comb. nov.)

Bignoniaceae

C

--

Ornamental

Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don

Bignoniaceae

S

Blue jacaranda, black poui,  Mimosa -leafed jacaranda.

Ornamental

Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC.

Bignoniaceae

T

--

Ornamental

Millingtonia hortensis L.

Bignoniaceae

T

Indian cork tree, Kaval neem, Akash neem.

Medicinal & ornamental

Spathodea campanulata Beauv.

Bignoniaceae

T

Bell flower tree, Fountain tree, African Tulip tree, Akash sevga.

Avenue

Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.

Bignoniaceae

T

Rosy/pink Trumpet Tree.

Ornamental

Bixa orellana Linn.

Bixaceae

T

Urucu, safron tree, lipstick tree, Annatoo, Shendri, sinduri, Gowpurgee, Japhar, Latkan, Kesri.

Ornamental & Medicinal

Ceiba pentandra (L.)Gaertn.

Bombacaceae

T

Kapok tree, White silk-cotton tree, Pandhari-savar, Shameula.

 

Cushion, pillows manu.

Heliotropium indicum L.

Boraginaceae

H

Indian turnsole, Indian heliotrope,  bhurundi, Hattajuri, Hattasura.

Medicinal

Amherstia nobilis Wall.

Caesalpinaceae

T

Pride of India.

Ornamental

Bauhinia acuminata L.

Caesalpinaceae

S

Dwarf white Bauhinia, Kanchan.

Medicinal

Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd.

Caesalpinaceae

T

The American Sumach, Divi-divi, Libi-dibi.

Ornamental

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.

Caesalpinaceae

S

Pride-of-Barbados, Peacock flower, sankasur, gulmohar.

Ornamental

Cassia occidentalis L.

Caesalpinaceae

H

Coffee senna, Negro coffee, Ran-takla, kasivda,kochinda, chakaor,kasoda.

Medicinal

Cassia siamea Lam.

Caesalpinaceae

T

--

Ornamental

Cassia tora L.

Caesalpinaceae

H

Foetid cassia, takla, tarota tarwata.

Vegetable

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC.

Caesalpinaceae

T

Indian rose-wood.

Timber-yielding

Delonix regia (Boj. ex. Hook.) Raf.

Caesalpinaceae

T

Royal poinciana , Flamboyant tree, Gul mohur, Gulmor.

Ornamental

Saraca asoka (Roxb.) de Wilde.

Caesalpinaceae

T

Asoka.

Ornamental

Laurentia longiflora (L.) Peterm.

Campanulaceae

H

--

Ornamental

Canna indica L.

Cannaceae

H

Indian shot.

Ornamental

Carica papaya L

Caricaceae

T

Papaya .

Fruit edible

Cleome rutidosperma DC.

Cleomaceae

H

Fringed spiderflower

--

Calophyllum inophyllum

Clusiaceae

T

Alexandrian Laurel, Undi, Sultan champa.

Timber-yielding & Medicinal

Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy

Clusiaceae

T

Kokam

Medicinal

Quisqualis indica L.

Combretaceae

S

Rangoon creeper, chinese-shikunshi, barmasi, rangunachi veli, lal chameli.

Ornamental & Medicinal

Terminalia catappa L.

Combretaceae

T

Badam, troipical almond,  Indian almond.

Fruit Edible

Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn.

Commelinaceae

H

Common Spiderwort.

Ornamental

Setcreasea  purpurea B.K. Boom.

Commelinaceae

H

--

Ornamental

Zebrina pendula Schnitz.

Commelinaceae

H

Wandering Jew.

Ornamental

Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer

Convolvulaceae

L

Elephant creeper, woolly morning glory, Ghabel, samudrashok, samandar sokh, samandar kapat

Medicinal

Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L

Convolvulaceae

H

--

--

Ipomoea sinensis (Desv.) Choisy

Convolvulaceae

C

--

--

Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt

Cucurbitaceae

C

Ivy gourd , Tondli

Medicinal

Cuscuta chinensis Lamk. var chinensis

Cuscutaceae

C

Amar vel, Amarbel

Medicinal

Cyperus flabelliformis Rottb.

Cyperaceae

H

--

--

Dioscorea bulbifera L.

Dioscoreaceae

C

Air yam, Gorkan,Kadu-karanda, kand, karanda, Godri

--

Diospyros peregrina (Gaertn.) Guerke

Ebenaceaea

T

Riber eboney, Indian persimmon, Temburni, Temburni,tindduka.

Medicinal

Acalypha hispida Burm. f.

Euphorbiaceae

S

Bristly copper leaf, Chenilic plant, Red hot cactail, Vattattali

Medicinal

Acalypha malabarica Muell.-Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

H

--

Medicinal

Cicca acida (L.) Merr.

Euphorbiaceae

T

Avla, gooseberry.

Fruit for pickles

Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Juss.

Euphorbiaceae

S

garden croton.

Ornamental

Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbiaceae

H

Asthma-weed, Catshair, Euphorbia, pill-bearing spruce, snake weed, Dudhi, Mothi dudh

Medicinal

Euphorbia thymifolia L.

Euphorbiaceae

H

Dhakti-dudhi,Lahan-nayati,

--

Euphorbia tirucalli L.

Euphorbiaceae

H

Indiantree spurge.

--

Jatropha curcas L.

Euphorbiaceae

S

Barbados nut , Physic-nut, chandar-jyoti, mogali erand

Medicinal

Jatropha panduraefolia Andr.

Euphorbiaceae

S

Fiddle leaved jatropha.

Ornamental

Jatropha podagrica Hook.

Euphorbiaceae

S

Goutystalk nettlespurge

--

Phyllanthus niruri L.

Euphorbiaceae

H

Country gooseberry, Bhuia vali, Dador

Medicinal

Ricinus communis L.

Euphorbiaceae

T

Castor-bean, palma Christi, Erandi,

Medicinal

Securinega obovata Muell.Arg.

Euphorbiaceae

S

Pandhar-phalli, Datir, Dait, Karmate, pachurna

Edible fruits

Abrus precatorius L

Fabaceae

C

Rosary pea, Gung

Medicinal

Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. var. stocksii.

Fabaceae

H

Alyce clover, Dhakta dhampta.

Medicinal

Clitoria ternatea L.

Fabaceae

C

Asian pigeon wings, butterfly pea, blue pea, winged -leaved clitoria, Gokran, Aparajita

Medicinal

Crotalaria nana Burm.

Fabaceae

H

--

--

Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.

Fabaceae

H

Threeflower ticktrefoil, Ran-methi, jungli methi, chipti.

--

Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. Wight.

Fabaceae

H

Dunchi fiber, Daincha, Prickly sesban, ran shevri, chuncha, chinchani

Medicinal

Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng.

Fabaceae

H

Blue wiss

--

Vigna vexillata (Linn.) A.Rich. var. stocksii (Benth.)

Fabaceae

H

--

--

Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle

Hydrocharitaceae

H

Waterthyme, Sheval.

Aquatic weed

Coleus blumei Benth.

Lamiaceae

H

Pride of autumn,painted nettle,

Ornamental

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

Lamiaceae

S

Pignut, Bush mint, Bhustrina, Vilayati tulsi.

Medicinal

Ocimun americanum L.

Lamiaceae

H

Ran tulsi

Medicinal

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl.

Lauraceae

T

Camphor tree.

Camphor

Cinnamomum nitidum (Roxb.) Hook.

Lauraceae

T

Cinnamum, tamalpatra, Daalachini.

Medicinal

Cinnamomum verum J.Presl

Lauraceae

T

Tamalpatra, Dalchini

Condiment & spice

Couroupita guianensis Aubl.

Lecythidiaceae

T

Cannon ball, Kailashpati, naglingam.

Ornamental & Cosmetic

Leea indica (Burm.f. ) Merr.

Leeaceae

S

Karkani, Dinda

--

Lemna perpusilla Torr.

Lemnaceae

H

Minute duckweed

Aquatic weed

Crinum asiaticum L

Liliaceae

S

Nagdaun, poisonbulb, Nagdamun.

Ornamental

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.

Liliaceae

H

Barbados aloe, Aloe, Khorpad, Yellia.

Medicinal

Dracaena deremensis  Engler

Liliaceae

H

--

 

Dendropthoe falcata

Loranthaceae

S

Bandgul

--

Lagerstroemia indica L.

Lythraceae

S

Crapemyrtle.

Ornamental

Lagerstroemia reginae (L.) Pers.

Lythraceae

T

Pride of India.

Ornamental

Lawsonia inermis L

Lythraceae

S

Henna, mehndi.

Dyeing

Magnolia pumila Andrews

Magnoliaceae

S

Kauthi-champa

Ornamental

Michelia champaca L.

Magnoliaceae

T

Michelia, Champa.

Fragrant flowers

Galphimia gracilis Bartl.

Malphigiaceae

S

Slender gold shower, thryllis

--

Malpighia glabra L.

Malphigiaceae

S

Wild crape myrtle.

Ornamental

Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich.

Malphigiaceae

S

--

Ornamental

Gossypium herbaceum L.

Malvaceae

S

Levant cotton , Asiatic cotton.

Fiber-yielding

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

 

Malvaceae

S

Shoe flower,Chinese Hibiscus, jasvand, java

Ornamental & medicinal

Hibiscus schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook. f.

Malvaceae

S

Fringed rose mallow.

Ornamental

Malvaviscus arboreus Dill. ex Cav.

Malvaceae

S

Wax mallow, Chinese lantern

Ornamental

Sida acuta Burm. f.

Malvaceae

H

Common wire weed.

Medicinal

Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa

Malvaceae

T

Tulip or Portia tree, false rosewood, umbrella tree, paras pimpal, paras bhendy

Medicinal

Melia azadirachta L.

Meliaceae

T

Neem

Medicinal

Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunningham ex Benth.

Mimosaceae

S

Australian acacia,

Ornamental

Acacia horrida  (L) Willd.

Mimosaceae

S

--

--

Adenanthera pavonia L

Mimosaceae

T

Red bead tree, Gung

 

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.

Mimosaceae

S

White lead tree, White popinac, Horse Tamarind,  ipil-ipil, Kubabhul, Subabhul

Fire-wood yielding plant

Mimosa pudica L.

Mimosaceae

H

Shame plant, Sensitive plant, Touch me not, Humble plant, lajalu,

Medicinal

Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

Mimosaceae

T

Rain tree, Rat siras/ saman

Ornamental

Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg.

Moraceae

T

Bread fruit, Vilayati phanas, Bakri-chajhar

Fruit edible as vegetable

Artocarpus hetreophyllus Lam.

Moraceae

T

Jackfruit, Phanas

Fruit edible

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.

Moraceae

T

Indian rubber tree, Assam rubber.

Ornamental

Ficus hispida L.

Moraceae

T

Kala-umbar.

--

Ficus racemosa L

Moraceae

T

Cluster tree, Umber.

Medicinal

Ficus religiosa L.

Moraceae

T

Peepul tree, Pimpal, Pipal

Sacred

Morus alba L.

Moraceae

T

Gooseberry, mulberry, White mulberry, Tut, tuti, shetu, Toota

Medicinal

Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn.

Moringaceae

T

Horse Raddish Tree,Drum stick, sevga, shengul

Medicinal

Musa paradisiaca L.

Musaceae

H

French plantain, Banana, kela.

Fruit edible

Ardisia solanacea Roxb.

Myrisinaceae

S

Santal, Mayarawa

Medicinal

Myristica fragrans  Houtt.

Myristicaceae

T

Nutmeg, Jaiphal

Medicinal

Eucalyptus obliqua L herit.

Myrtaceae

T

Bastard box,Forest red gum, Nilgiri.

Medicinal

Psidium guajava L.

Myrtaceae

S

Guava, peru, jam , amrud

Fruit edible

Syzigium aromaticum  (L.) Merr. & Perry

Myrtaceae

T

Clove, Lovang.

spice

Syzygium samarangens  (Blume) Merr. & Perry

Myrtaceae

T

Syzygium,  Safed Jam.

Fruit edible

Syzygium stocksii (Duthie) Gamble

Myrtaceae

T

Jambhul

 Fruit edible

Boerhavia repens  var. diffusa L.

Nyctaginaceae

H

Spreading hogweed,Patagon, Ghetuli, punarva, vasu, Punarnava.

Medicinal

Bouganvillea spectabilis Willde.

Nyctaginaceae

S

Great bougainvillea

Ornamental

Nyctanthes arbortristis L.

Nyctaginaceae

S

Tree of Sorrow, Indian mourner, Night jasmine, Coral jasmine, Parijatak, har, aparajita

Medicinal

Jasminum hirsutum L

Oleaceae

S

Mogra, Juie

Ornamental

Acamphe praemorsa Blatt. & McC.

Orchidaceae

H

--

--

Cymbidium aloifolium Swartz

Orchidaceae

H,E

--

--

Averrhoa bilimbi L

Oxalidaceae

T

Bilimbi.

Fruit edible & medicinal

Oxalis corniculata L.  

Oxalidaceae

H

creeping wood sorrel, Indian Sorrel.

Medicinal

Passiflora suberosa L.

Passifloraceae

C

Corky stem passion flower

--

Peperomia wightiana Miq.

Piperaceae

C

--

--

Piper beetel L.

Piperaceae

C

Betel pepper, Pan

Leaves eaten for digestion

Piper longum L.

Piperaceae

C

Indian long pepper

Spices

Piper nigrum L.

Piperaceae

C

Black pepper, Kali mirch

Spices

Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd.

Poaceae

T

Bamboo, Kaset, Kashti.

Bamboo-yielding

Bambusa vulgaris  Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.

Poaceae

S

Golden bamboo, udha bans, common bamboo.

Bamboo-yielding

 

Cymbopogon  schoenanthus  (L.) Spreng.

Poaceae

H

Lemon grass, camel grass.

Medicinal

Cynadon dactylon (L.) Pers.

Poaceae

H

Bermudagrass,  Dhurva,  Dhub,  Haryali

Fodder, religious

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

Poaceae

H

Indian goose grass, Mahar-nachni

Fodder

Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.

Poaceae

H

Indian lovegrass.

Fodder

Sporobolus capillaris Miq. in Verh.

Poaceae

H

--

Fodder

Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.

Polygonaceae

C

Coral vine, Coral creeper, Pink Vine, Icecream flower creeper

Ornamental

Muehlenbeckia platyclada (F.J. Muell.) Lindau

Polygonaceae

S

centipede plant

Ornamental

Eichhornia crassipes  (Mart.) Solms

Pontederiaceae

H

Common water –hyacinth.

Aquatic weed

Portulaca grandiflora  Hook.

Portulacaceae

H

Rose moss, China rose

Ornamental

Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulacaceae

H

Little hogweed.

--

Coffea arabica L.

Rubiaceae

S

 Arabian Coffee

Coffee

Gardenia jasminiodes Ellis

Rubiaceae

T

Cape jasmine, Gandharaja.

Ornamental

Gardenia resinifera   Roth.

Rubiaceae

T

Dikemali, Dikamali

Medicinal

Ixora coccinea L.

Rubiaceae

S

Flame tree of woods, scarlet jungle flame, Bakora, Patkalin

Ornamental

Ixora macrothyrsa Teijsm. & Binn.

Rubiaceae

S

King Ixora,

Ornamental

Mussaenda   luteola  Delile

Rubiaceae

S

--

Ornamental

Mussaenda erythrophylla Schum. & Thonn.

Rubiaceae

S

--

Ornamental

Oldenlandia corymbosa L.

Rubiaceae

H

Flat-top mille graines, Pitpapda

--

Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Serr.

Rutaceae

T

Indian Bael

Fruit edible

Atalantia racemosa Wight.

Rutaceae

S

--

--

Murrya paniculata auct. non (L.) Jack. var.  exotica (L.) Comb. nov.

Rutaceae

T

Orange-Jessamine,Indian box tree, kunti,pandhari, Chula juti,Kamini

Cosmetic

Santalum album L.

Santalaceae

T

Chandan

Timber

Sapindus laurifolius Vahl

Sapindaceae

T

Ritha

Medicinal

Lindernia crustacea var.clarkei Giri & Majumdar

Scrophulariaceae

H

--

--

Torenia indica Saldanha

Scrophulariaceae

H

--

Ornamental

Smilax ovalifolia  Roxb.

Smilacaceae

C

--

--

Capsicum frutescens L.

Solanaceae

H

Red pepper, mirchi, chilli

Spices

Datura stramonium L.

Solanaceae

H

Jimson weed, Thorn apple,  Stramonium.

--

Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw.

Solanaceae

H

Tomato

Vegetable

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viviani

Solanaceae

H

Tobacco, Tambakhu

Smoking, & medicinal also

Physalis minima L.

Solanaceae

H

pygmy ground cherry, Ran-popti, Kamini

--

Solanum psedocapsicum L.

Solanaceae

H

Winter cherry, Jerusalen cherry

--

Sterculia foetida L.

Sterculiaceae

T

Hazel sterculia, Bastard tree, Poon tree, jungle badam, goldaru

Ornamental

Thunbergia laevis Nees

Thunbergiaceae

C

--

--

Thunbergia grandiflora  Roxb.

Thunbergiaceae/ Acanthaceae

C

Bengal trumpet

Ornamental

Turnera ulmifolia L.

Turneraceae

H

Ramgoat dashalong

--

Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew

Urticaceae

S

Hawai'i wood nettle, Aagya.

--

Lantana montevidensis (Spreng) Briq.

Verbenaceae

S

trailing shrubverbena

Ornamental

Tectona grandis L. f.

Verbenaceae

T

Teak, Saag

Timber-yielding

Cissus quadrangularis L.

Vitaceae

C

Kandvel, Harsankar, Chaudari

Medicinal

Globa bulbifera L.

 

Zingiberaceae

H

--

Ornamental

Pteridophytes

 

 

 

 

Adiantum trapeziforme L.

Adiantaceae

H

Diamond maidenhair

Ornamental

Asplenium nidus  L.

Aspleniaceae

H

Bird nest fern

Ornamental

Dryopteris extensa

Dryopteridaceae

H

---

Ornamental

Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott

Dryopteridaceae

H

Lace-fern, Boston swordfern

Ornamental

Marsilea macrocarpa

Marsileaceae

 

--

Aquatic weed

Angiopteris evecta  (J.R. Forst.) Hoffmann

Martittiaceae

T

Tree fern, Oriental vessel fern

Ornamental

Davallia fejeensis  (Plumosa)

Polypodiaceae

H

Dainty rabbit’s foot

Ornamental

Polypodium punctatum L.

Polypodiaceae

H

--

Ornamental

Pteris ensiformis Burm. f. var. victoriae Baker

Pteridaceae

H

Victoria fern

Ornamental

Salvinia auriculata  Aubl.

Salviniaceae

H

Eared watermoss

Aquatic weed

   Gymnosperms

 

 

 

 

Araucaria bidwillii Hook.

Araucariaceae

T

Bunya-Bunya

Ornamental

Araucaria (heterophylla)  excelsa R. Br

Araucariaceae      

T

Christmas tree, Norfolk-Island tree

Ornamental

Cycas circinalis L

Cycadaceae

T

Queen sago

Ornamental & gum-yielding

Cycas revolute Thunb.

Cycadaceae

T

Sago palm

 

Encephalartos hildebrandtii  

Cycadaceae

T

--

 

Zammia  angustifolia Jacq.

Zamiaceae

T

--

 

Podocarpus nagii

Podocarpaceae

T

--

 

Podocarpus elongates  L. Herit

Podocarpaceae

T

--

Ornamental

Thuja orientalis L.

Cupressaceae

S

--

Ornamental

  • T – Tree; S- Shrub; H- Herb; C- Climbers; L- Liana.
  • Cultivated

 

           2. ELECTRONIC HERBARIUM & DATABASE OF PLANTS OF MUMBAI - AT GLANCE

                                                             (under development)

From ancient times, man has been expressing his interest on flowers and plants for various reasons. One of the most interesting and pleasing facets of modern times is the increasing concern of ecotourism to see and engulf the original aesthetic beauty of flora and fauna of particular area.  Further, there is a growing awareness about existing wild and of course rare and threatened plant and animal species due to various environmental changes and other reasons.

Herbarium serves as vital link for various disciplines of biology not only to provide information about plants from the preserved specimens but also to give insight the changes occurred in the existing plant biodiversity with past ones from time to time. However, there are several disadvantages, which we feel while dealing with preserved specimens in identification. Those are common problems such as pests and insects attack as well as bio-degradation of specimen, physical damage due to improper handling of specimen, fading of colors, space problem, missing of main identification key characters in specimens, high maintenance cost, availability of plant information pertaining to herbarium specimen restricted to that centre (not freely accessible from anywhere). In addition to them, it needs regular replacement of damaged specimens which is a load on nature (wastage of living material, in case of rare and endangered specimens), needs fumigation which leads to pollution and health problems, relay on field note books for information such as habit, habitat etc., problems related to preservation of large plant parts such as fruits (in cucurbits), culms (in bamboos) etc. With the advent of computers, digital cameras, these problems can be overcome easily and can make herbarium more eco-friendly, attractive and colorful as well as much more informative.  

In general, herbarium is a store house of plants specimens collected from far and wide, dried on blotting paper for a fortnight or so, treated with anti-fungal, anti-insect and antibacterial agents and mounted as well as labeled on standard size sheets, arranged according to some known system of classification and kept in pigeon holes of steel or wooden cupboards (Jain and Rao, 1977). The steps involved in the preparation of herbarium are 1) collection of different plant specimens by various methods; 2) pressing and drying of specimens; 3) preservation of specimens by poisons, fumigants etc.; 4) mounting of specimens by gluing or pasting or strapping or stitching methods; 5) labeling sheets on right lower corner, giving some details of the plant; 6) filling in pigeon steel cupboards and 7) preparation of accession (Jain and Rao, 1977).

                Electronic herbarium may be defined as “virtual images of plant specimens in digital format” (Srinivasu, 2003). This can be done by taking digital photos of plants in their habit and are processed in the computer. The digital database of the plants was developed by selecting a number of (more than two hundred) variable characters with the help of software ‘DELTA’ package.

                ‘The Flora of Presidency of Bombay’ was studied a century ago by Cooke (1903); and later on ‘The Bombay flora, Bombay’ by Dalzell and Gibson (1961). In recent times, the entire Mumbai flora was not studied in detail after industrialization and mega-metropolitan city formation. Further, there is a lot of demand for database of plants all over the world especially from bio-diversity rich countries like India, china, Brazil as there are a number of economically and medicinally important plants available, which are untapped till now. Hence, it was thought to undertake the present floristic biodiversity study and to digitalize the existing plants to fulfill the needs of various walks of life.

The electronic herbarium and digital database of plants of Mumbai (±1% area of Maharashtra) which now contains 950 dicots and 150 monocots (3025 species are recorded for entire Maharashtra) belonging to 142 families (187 families reported for State Maharashtra) with plant description in detail, family, botanical names (ICBN) and their synonyms, common and vernacular names, distribution in Mumbai, present status of the plants in nature, socio-economic (including medicinal) value of these plants and digital photographs.

Mumbai is located in the state of Maharashtra on west coast of India just south of the tropic of Cancer. It lies geographically between 19o  L and 79o L.  It is the largest in India and sixth populous metropolitan city in the world. The name was officially changed from Bombay to Mumbai in 1995. Mumbai is also the economic capital of India today. Major industries are chemicals, textiles, information technology and fisheries. India's film industry (Bollywood) has a strong presence in Mumbai.

 

 

 

Mumbai spreads over 438 km˛ in area and is a linear city along the coast of the Arabian Sea. The coast length is 140 km. The city is also known as the Island City as it is situated on an island - Salcette Island. The city has a warm and humid climate throughout the year and an average temperature of 320 C during day and 25 0 C during night. Mumbai is located at sea level. Some parts of the city are a few meters below sea level. The highest point in the city is about 450 m in the Powai - Kanheri ranges.

The city being adjacent to water, the temperature variation of this island is not as drastic as those of inland. Mumbai enjoys its monsoon showers from June to September with the annual rainfall being 216 cm (180-240 cm). Light fog is seen in the northern reaches of the city in December- January every year. The temperatures recorded in (max/min): Jan: 26/130 C May: 35/28 0C July: 30/260 C and Oct: 38/230 C.

 The most efficient transport system is local trains, which runs over 87 km connecting the Mumbai city. In the world, it is the only city to accommodate a National Park within city limits. It has 4 forts such as   Sewre, Bandra, Mahim & Worli plus ruminants of the old fort in South Bombay. It has 3 rivers. Those are Mithi (Mahim), Dahisar, and Oshiwara. It has 3 lakes namely Tulsi, Powai, Vihar. 

The Sanjay Gandhi or Borivali National Park has the distinction of being the only National Park in Mumbai. It is notified in 1974 as National park. It is set in hill ranges around the suburb of Borivali in Mumbai. Sanjay Gandhi National Park is located in Borivali (east), at a distance of 40 km north from Mumbai. The park extends from the latitude 190°21' in the North to the longitude 720°58' in the East.  It plays host to various wildlife species like the panther, antelope, mouse deer and wild bear along with natural vegetation. In the Lion Safari Park, visitors can view lions as close as six feet away, from the special park vehicles. The park is a paradise for the lovers of flora and fauna and it is difficult for them not to be attracted by their charm here in the Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

The forest cover in the park can be divided into two main categories i.e. South Indian moist deciduous and Semi Evergreen. These two types can be further classified into four subcategories and they are moist teak-bearing forest, mangrove scrub, southern moist mixed deciduous forest, and western subtropical hill forest. The region has good biodiversity. During the monsoon, almost the entire park is awash with the rainbow hues of the flowers that bloom here and all over the Western Ghats. Kanheri caves are situated in the heart of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and are one of the better-known places in Mumbai.

Asia's largest slum, Maharashtra Nature Park comes across as a breath of fresh air, situated near Dharavi. The Victoria Gardens, popularly called Ranee Baug are now rechristened as ‘Jijamata Udyan’.  They are botanical gardens, sprawled over 48 acres and contain some of the oldest trees in the city, some dating back two hundred years.

The following areas of Mumbai with rich biodiversity were visited for the collections of plant specimens after taking digital images of them in their natural habit in all seasons. Those are Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali; Jijamata Udyan, Byculla; Maharashtra Nature Park, Mahim; Western Railway tracks (Churchgate to Dahisar); Central Railway tracks (CST to Mulund) and Harbour line (up to Mankhurd); Parsi Colony, Dadar; I. C. Colony, Borivali; Mahakali Caves, Andheri; Jogeshwari Caves, Jogeshwari; Kanheri Caves, Caves near I .C colony at Borivali; Sion Hill, Sion; Kurla Hill, Kurla; Hills at Powai; Amboli hill; Aarey Colony and Observation Park, Goregaon; Five Gardens, Matunga;  Wadala Garden; Mithi river, Dahisar; Creeks at  Bangurnagar, Gorai, Dahisar, Andheri-Lokhandwala, Bandra, Ghatkopar, Godreg, Charkop, Mankhurd, Navy nagar; Juhu Beach, Versova, Manori and Marvey Beach, Bandstand; Powai Lake; Sion Lake; Ponds at Bhawan’s College Campus, Andheri; marshy places at Four bungalows, Andheri; Bandra, Santacruz, Juhu, Aarey colony, Kalina university campus; Mud island; Road sides, Government and Private building premises. 

           Plants belonging to 146 families have been collected, identified and systematically listed and described along with digital images in the Electronic herbarium.  The following table shows the statistics of plants collected:

 

Families

Genera

Species

Sub-species

Varieties

DICOTYLEDONES

MONOCOTYLEDONES

 

124

 22

508

 85

326

 24

17

-

88

 2

 

TOTAL

146

593

350

17

90

Grand total: 1050 plants  

List of Threatened Plants: 12 species.

Endangered: Crotalaria filipes.

Vulnerable:  Alysicarpus belgaumensi; C. inodora.

Lower risk:  Achyranthes coynei; Commelina hasskarlii; C paleata; Cynospermum      asperrimum; Haplanthodes tentaculata; H. verticillatus; Neanotis carnosa; Typhonium bulbiferum; Gloriosa superba

List of Endemic Plants: (33 species) Canscora diffusa var. diffusa (Vahl.)     ; Diospyros peregrina (Gaertn.); Ficus Talboti King; Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines {Endemic to Asia}; Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. ex D. Don) Brush; Lindernia crustacean (Linn.) Mueller. ( Endemic to Asia); Lindernia antipoda (Linn.) (Endemic to Asia); Limnophila dubia (L.); Pavetta indica L.; Neolamarkia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser; Morinda pubescence Sn.; Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.; Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd.; Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. var. stocksii; Jasminum auriculatum  Vahl.; Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) O. Kuntze.; Hibiscus talbotti (Rakshit.) (Endemic to Maharashtra); Xenostegia tridentata (Linn.) Austin and Staples; Merremia vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hall.; Merremia gangetica (L.) Cufod.; Ipomoea marginata (Desr.) H. Mantz.; Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.)     ; Tricholepis glaberrima DC.; Phyllocephalum scabridum (DC.); Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. ex Schult.; Wrightia tinctoria  R. Br. ssp. tinctoria; Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. (Endemic to Asia); Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Bth. ex Kurz. (Endemic to Asia); Holarrhena pubescens (Buch-Ham.) Wall. ex Don (Endemic to Asia); Cerbera manghas L.;(Endemic to India & Lakshwadweep); Achyranthes coynei Sant. (Endemic to Maharashtra); Haplanthodes verticillatus (Roxb.).

The following are NEW RECORDS to Mumbai city and are: 17 Species. Barleria lawii T. And; Haplanthodes verticillatus (Roxb.); Achyranthes coynei Sant.; Amaranthus caturus Heyne ex Hook. f.; Spilanthes clava DC.; Xenostegia filiformis (Thunb.) Almeida; Euphorbia coccinea Roth. Urena labota L. var. lappago (Sm.) Comb. nov.; Neptunia triquetra Benth.; Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. var. stocksii.; Crotalaria nana Burm.; Mucuna minima Haines; Lindenbergia muraria (Roxb. ex D. Don) Bruehl.; Physalis longifolia Nutt.; Oxalis dehradunensis Raiz.; Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight.; Spigelia anthelimia  L.

The list of plants recorded currently in the Mumbai is as follows: 

 

1. Clematis flammula L.  -- Ranunculaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-May.

Economic importance: Strongly fragrant flower, hence, it is cultivated in gardens.

 

 

 2. Delphenium ajacis L. Ranunculaceae

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Goregaon.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Economic importance: Cultivated in gardens, used as fillers in Flower bouquet

 

 

3. Delphenium elatum L. Ranunculaceae

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Goregaon, Sagar Upwan, Coloba.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Economic importance: It is cultivated in gardens, used as fillers in Flower bouquet

 

4. Dillenia indica L. -- Dilleniaceae.

Located: Vile-Parle

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental and infrequent.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-July.

Common name: Mota-karmal.

Marathi: Mota-karmal.

Hindi: Mota chalta.

Economic importance: Medicinal & the wood is used for gun-stocks & charcoal.

 

 

5. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. -- Dilleniaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Goregaon.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-August.

Common name: Mota-karmal.

Marathi: Karmal, Sua, Kalla, Karanbidi, Karval.

Hindi: Mota chalta.

Economic importance: Leaves used for roof making.

 

 

 6. Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Hook. f. & Thoms. -- Dilleniaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-January & April-June.

Economic importance: Ornamental.

 

 

7. Magnolia grandiflora L. -- Magnoliaceae.

Located: Sagar Upwan, Colaba.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-April.

Marathi: Kavathi -champa.

Economic importance: Cultivated for its large fragrant flowers.

 

 

8. Magnolia pumila Andrews -- Magnoliaceae.

Located: Institute of Science

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-April.

Marathi: Kauthi -champa.

Hindi: Kauthi -champa

Economic importance: Cultivated for its large fragrant flowers.

 

 

9. Michelia champaca L. -- Magnoliaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Institute of Science, Goregaon, Andheri, Dahisar.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: April-September.

Common name: Golden yellow champak.

Marathi: Sonchampa, Pivla champa, Kud champa.

Hindi: Champa.

Economic importance: Medicinal & cultivated for flowers to use in religious ceremony, decorating ladies hair.        

 

         

10. Michelia champaca var. alba -- Magnoliaceae.

Located: Bhawan's college nursery & campus, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-March.

Hindi: Safed champa.

Economic importance: Cultivated for its strongly fragrant white flowers which are offered to gods.

 

 

11. Annona reticulata L.  -- Annonaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, road sides, Institute of Science, Marine Lines, Dadar,  

                 Vikhroli, Andheri, Vile-Parle, Fort, Churchgate, Bhawan’s college nursery & campus, Andheri, Charni

                  road,  Grant road.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-October.

Common name: Bullock's heart.

Marathi: Ramphal.

Hindi: Ramphal.

Economic importance: Medicinal plant & fruit is edible.

 

 

 12. Annona squamosa L. -- Annonaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park and its vicinities, Maharashtra Nature Park and its vicinities,

                 Byculla, Central railway track sides, road sides, Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: June-August.

Common name: Custard apple.

Marathi & Hindi: Sita phal.

Economic importance: Medicinal plant & fruit is edible.

 

 

13. Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Hook. & Thorn. -- Annonaceae.

Located: Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Ornamental. 

Flowering & fruiting period: March-August.

Common name: Ylang-Ylang tree.

Economic importance: Medicinal & grown in gardens for its fragrant flowers.

 

 

14. Artabotrys hexapetalous (L. f.) Bhandari -- Annonaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Institute of Science, Borivali, TIFR.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-August.

Common name: Green champa.

Marathi: Hirva champa.

Hindi: Hara champa.

Economic importance: Medicinal & oil from flower is used in herbal cosmetic.

 

 

15. Milliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Sinclair -- Annonaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-May.

Common name: Humb.

Marathi: Thoska.

Hindi: Minmara, Hoom.

Economic importance: fruit eaten by natives.

 

 

16. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.)Thw. -- Annonaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental (Avenue) tree.

Flowering & fruiting period:  March-June.

Common names: False Ashoka, Mast tree Asopalav.

Marathi: Asok, debdari.

Economic importance: Planted in gardens, building compounds as avenue tree, leaves used for decorative

                                        purpose on auspicious occasions, straight long stem used for ship-mast.

Horticultural varieties: Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula.

 

 

17. Cissampelos pareira L. -- Menispermaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra Nature Park, Central railway track sides, Andheri,  

                Bandra, University campus, Kalina, Gorai creek, Malabar hill (Raj Bhavan).

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-September.

Marathi: Pahadvel, Pahad-mul.

Hindi: Bhatvel, Kurupahad.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

18. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Theob. -- Menispermaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan,

               Byculla, Central railway track sides, Western railway track sides, Parel,   Dadar, Mahakali caves, 

               Andheri, Jogeshwari (W).

Status of plant in nature: Wild and common.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-February.

Marathi: Vasan-vel.

Hindi: Para-vel, Karrom, Jaljamni.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

19. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Meirs ex Hook. f. Thoms. -- Menispermaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Ismail Yusuf College, Jogeshwari, Mud-island, Gorai creek.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and common.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-February, April-May and June-August.

Marathi: Gul vel, Giroti.

Hindi: Amrut-vel.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

20. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. var. cyanea (Hook. f. Thoms) Almeida -- Nympheaceae.

Located: Powai lake.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-October, throughout year at some places.

Common name: Lotus.

Marathi: Upila-kamal.

Hindi: Kamal.

Economic importance: Medicinal as well as ornamental; rhizomes, petioles, peduncles and seeds are eaten.

 

 

21. Nymphaea rubra Roxb. ex. Salisb. -- Nympheaceae.

 Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Powai lake, Marve &  Manori island, 

                  Malad, Goregaon, Andheri, Mulund, Vihar lake, Bhawan’s college nursery &   campus, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and ornamental in Ponds and lakes.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common names: Water lily, Egyptian lotus.

Marathi: Kumud, Saluk.

Hindi: Kamal.

Economic importance: Grown in ponds for its large & beautiful flowers.

 

 

22. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. -- Nelumbonaceae.

Located: Powai lake.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and aquatic weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-October.

Common name: Sacred lotus.

Marathi: Kamal.

Hindi: Padma.

Economic importance: Medicinal and ornamental; flowers used in religious ceremonies, seeds used as tonic.

 

 

23. Argemone mexicana L. -- Papaveraceae.    

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common names: Mexican prickly poppy, yellow thistle.

Marathi: Pivala-dhotara.

Hindi: Kate dhotra.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

24. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. -- Brassicaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common names: Brown and Indian mustard.

Marathi: Rai.

Hindi:  Rai, Mohari, Sarson.

Economic importance: Medicinal and oil yielding crop.

 

 

25. Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus.  -- Brassicaceae.

Located: Central railway track sides, Kurla, Vikhroli, Ghatkopar.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-April.

Common name: Radish.

Marathi: Mula, Mulangi.

Hindi: Muli.

Economic importance: Medicinal & also grown as vegetable crop.

 

 

26. Rorippa indica (L.) -- Brassicaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: October - November.

 

 

27. Sisymbrium irio L. -- Brassicaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-March.

 

 

28. Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce -- Capparaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mud-island, Gorai creek.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-May.

Marathi: Kali takali, Kalasakal.

Hindi: Kalitaka, Habab.

 

 

29. Capparis sepiaria L. -- Capparaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Malabar hill (Raj Bhavan)

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-May.

Marathi: Kanthtara, Pachra, Pachuda.

Hindi: Kanther.

 

 

30. Capparis zeylanica L. -- Capparaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mud-island, Gorai creek.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-January.

Marathi: Tarati, Wagoti, Wag, Govindi.

Hindi: Govindphal.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

31. Crateva adansonii ssp. odora (Buch. -Ham.) Jacobs -- Capparaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Bhawan's college nursery & campus, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-December.

Common names: The sacred barna, Caper, Holy garter pear gartic pear, Three leaves caper.

Marathi: Vai-varna, Wairoda.

Hindi: Nirvala.

Economic importance: Medicinal and sacred plant

 

 

32. Cleome gynandra L. -- Cleomaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-November.

Marathi: Pandri tilwan.           

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

33. Cleome rutidosperma DC. -- Cleomaceae.

Located: Byculla, Central, Western and Harbour railway track sides, road sides, Institute of Science, 

                Malad, Goregaon, Borivali, Matunga, Sion, Kurla.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period:  August-September.

 

 

34. Cleome viscosa L. -- Cleomaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-December.

Common names: Wild mustard, sticky cleome.

Marathi: Kaanaphodi.

Hindi: Hurhur, Piwali tilwan.

Economic importance:  Medicinal.

 

 

35. Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.V. Meull. -- Violaceae.

Located: Western railway track sides, Parel, Dadar.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-November.

Marathi: Ratan-Paras.           

Hindi: Ratan-Paras

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

36. Casearia graveolens Dalz. -- Flacourtiaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-July.

Marathi: Pandhri-Karai, Bokhanda.

Hindi: Kirmira, Rivil.

 

 

37. Casearia elliptica Willd.  -- Flacourtiaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Goregaon, Dadar Parsi Colony.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-May.

Marathi: Chari, Bheri, Modi, Modgi Tordi, Kesa, Kali-Karal.

Hindi: Chilla.

 

 

38. Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merrill. -- Flacourtiaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-July.

Marathi: Tambat, Paker, Bhekal, Gurgati, Girgot.

Hindi: Panavla.

 

 

39. Bixa orellana L. -- Bixaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Institute of Science, Ismail Yusuf College, Jogeshwari.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-December.

Common names: Saffron tree, Annatto.

Marathi: Shendri, Sinduri, Gowpurgee, Japhar, Latkan.

Hindi: Kesri.

Economic importance: Ornamental and medicinal.

 

 

40. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston. -- Cochlospermaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Goregaon.

Status of plant in nature: Ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-February.

Marathi: Chaor, Ganeri.

Hindi: Gogal.

Economic importance: Ornamental-cultivated for its large bright coloured flowers.

 

 

41. Polycarpon prostratum (Forsk.) Asch. Sweinf. -- Caryophyllaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Gorai Island.

Status of plant in nature: Wild, common around dried areas of lakes and river beds.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-June.

 

 

42. Portulaca grandiflora (Hook.) Geesink. -- Portulacaceae.

 Located: TIFR, Institute of Science, Bhawan’s college Nursery, Andheri.

 Status of plant in nature: Commonly Cultivated ornamental.

 

 

43. Portulaca oleracea L. -- Portulacaceae.

Located: Gorai creek, Bhandup, Andheri, Dadar, Borivali.

Status of plant in nature: Common weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-April.

 

 

44. Portulaca oleracea var. sativa L. -- Portulacaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-September.

Common name: Rose Moss.

 

 

45. Portulaca meridiana L. -- Portulacaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Western railway track sides, Institute of Science, Dadar.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-May.

 

 

46. Clusia rosea Jacq. -- Cluciaceae. 

Located: Malabar hill, Bhawan’s College Nursery, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-September.

Common name: Balsam tree.

Economic importance: Grown in gardens as ornamental plant.

 

 

47. Calophyllum inophyllum L. – Cluciaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Malabar hill, Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Common name: Alexandrian Laurel.

Marathi: Undi.

Hindi: Sultan champa.

Economic importance: The timber is used for railway sleepers and ship building. Domda -oil and

                                        Lamp oil is extracted from seeds and it also has medicinal importance.

 

 

48.Garcinia indica (Du Petit- Thou.) Choiss -- Cluciaceae.

Located: Bhawan's college nursery, Andheri, Dadar Parsi Colony.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Common name: Butter tree.

Marathi: Kokam, Amsol, Bhinda, Bhirand, Katambi.

Hindi: Kokam, Ratamba, Bhiran, Bhinda.

Economic importance: The ripe fruit is edible & used for making syrups; the seeds yield an oil or butter   

                                        (Kokum ghee) -- used for healing chaps on the body.

 

 

49. Garcinia livingstonei T. Anderson. -- Annonaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-May.

 

 

50. Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex Anders -- Cluciaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-August.

Economic importance: Grown in gardens, Fruit edible.

 

 

51. Mesua ferrea L. -- Cluciaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-November.

Common names: Ceylon iron wood, Mesua.

Marathi: Nag-champa, Thorla champa.

Hindi: Nag-champa, Nag-keshar.

Economic importance: Medicinal & planted near temples and gardens for flowers. It yields strong perfume, fruit is edible.

 

 

52. Althea rosea (L.) Cav.  -- Malvaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Western railway track sides, Byculla, Bombay central.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-April.

Common name: Common Hollyhock.

Economic importance: Cultivated in gardens as ornamental for its large showy flowers.

 

 

53. Abelmoschus moschatus Medicus. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park and its vicinities, Maharashtra Nature Park and its vicinities, Byculla, 

             Central, Western and Harbour railway track sides, Mazgaon, Mulund.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Marathi: Kasturi bhendi.

Hindi: Jangli bhendi.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

54. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic. Ssp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Borss. var. pungens (Roxb.) Borssum. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-October.

Marathi: Ran-bhendi.

Hindi: Jangli-bhendi.

 

 

55. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus ssp. tetraphyllus (Roxb. ex Hornem.) var. tetraphyllus -- Malvaceae.

Located: Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-January.

Marathi: Ran-bhendi.

Hindi: Ran-bhendi.

 

 

56. Abutilon bidentatum Hoechst. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Central railway track sides, Ghatkopar.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and rare.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-April.

 

 

57. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet. Ssp. guineese (Schum.) Borss. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: June-September.

Common name: Country mallow.

Hindi: Atibala.

 

 

58. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet. Ssp. indicum -- Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-April.

Common names: Indian mallow, Country mallow.

Marathi: Petari, Mudra.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

59. Abutilon persicum (Burm. f.) Merrill. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Ismail Yusuf College, Jogeshwari.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-January.

Marathi: Maddam.

Hindi: Madan mast.

 

 

60. Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-October.

Marathi: Ranbhendi.

Hindi: Chichindur.

 

 

61. Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: October - November.

Marathi: Van-Kapus.

 

 

62. Gossypium herbaceum L. -- Malvaceae.

Located:  Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-February.

Common name: East India Cotton Tree.

Marathi: Kapuse.

Hindi: Kapas.

Economic importance: Medicinal & cotton (fibre) yielding plant.

 

 

63. Hibiscus solandra L. Herit. -- Malvaceae.

Located:  Mud-island.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-November.

 

 

64. Hibiscus cannabinus L.--Malvaceae.

Located: University campus, Kalina.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-November.

Common names: Bimlipatnam jute, Ambaari hemp, Kenaf, Mesta, Deccan hemp.

Marathi: Ambaadi.

 

 

65. Hibiscus hispidissimus Griff. -- Malvaceae.

Located:  Kanheri caves, Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-December.

 

 

66. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common names: Shoe flower, Chinese hibiscus.

Marathi: Jasvand.

Hindi: Java.

Economic importance: Medicinal & ornamental; leaves and flowers used for blackening of hairs and shoes.

 

 

67. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Kurla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Common names: Rozelle, Red Sorrel.

Marathi: Tambdi - Ambadu.

Hindi: Lal-ambadi, Patwa.

Economic importance: Fibre yielding plant & the succulent fleshy calyx is edible.

 

 

68. Hibiscus schizopetalus (Masters) Hook. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Through out Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common names: Coral hibiscus.

Marathi: Jasvand.

Economic importance: Ornamental.

 

 

69. Hibiscus talbotti (Rakshit.)Paul & Nayar -- Malvaceae.

Located: Kanheri caves, Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and Endemic to Maharashtra & Karnataka only.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-January.

Marathi: Dupari , Narivi.

 

 

70. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Grant road.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated, found along the sea shores.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-July.

Marathi: Belapata.

Economic importance: Grown in gardens as ornamental plant.

 

 

71. Kydia calycina Roxb. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-November.

Marathi: Varang, Potari.

Hindi: Illya.

Economic importance: The leaves are applied on the body for pain and chewed in deficiency of saliva.

 

 

72. Malachra capitata L.--Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-November.

Marathi: Ran-bhendi.

Hindi: Van bhendi.

Economic importance: Fibre-yielding plant.

 

 

73. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garke. --Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

 

 

74. Malvaviscus arboreus var. Drummondii Schery -- Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common name: Chinese lantern.

Economic importance: Ornamental.

 

 

75. Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. var. penduliflorus (Mocino & Sesse ex DC.)Schery -- Malvaceae.

Located: Institute of Science. Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Economic importance: Cultivated in the garden for its showy flowers.

 

 

76. Sida acuta Burm. f. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park and its vicinities, Borivali, Navi Mumbai, Ismail Yusuf College,

                Jogeshwari.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Economic importance: Medicinal plant.

 

 

77. Sida cordifolia L.  -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Common name: Country-mallow.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

78. Sida mysorensis Wight. & Arn. -- Malvaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-November.

 

 

79. Sida rhombifolia var. rhombifolia L.  -- Malvaceae.

Located: Western railway track sides, Parel, Dadar.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-February.

Marathi: Tupkati.

Hindi: Chikna, Atibala.

 

 

80. Sida rhombifolia var. retusa L.  --Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-December.

Marathi: Atibala.

Hindi: Bala, Jungli-methi.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

81. Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland. ex Correa -- Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated, found in marshy areas as mangrove associate.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common names: Tulip or Portia tree, False rosewood, Umbrella tree.

Marathi: Paras pimpal.

Hindi: Paras bhendi.

Economic importance: Medicinal & Avenue tree.

 

 

82. Urena labota L. var. lappago Almeida. -- Malvaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Kurla.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and new record to Mumbai.

Flowering & fruiting period:  October - November.

 

 

83. Urena labota L. ssp labota --Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-October.

Marathi: Van-bhendi.

Hindi: Van-bhendi.

 

 

84. Urena labota ssp. sinuata var. sinuata (Sm.) Almeida. --Malvaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: August - November.

Marathi: Ran-Kapas.

Hindi: Jangli-Kapas, litchi.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

85. Adansonia digitata L. -- Bombacaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Goregaon, Andheri, and Santacruz.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December, May-October.

Common names: Baobab, Monkey bread tree.

Marathi: Gorakh -chinch.

Hindi: Gorakh –amla.

Economic importance: Medicinal and ornamental tree.

 

 

86. Bombax ceiba L. -- Bombacaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Western railway track sides, Malad, Goregaon, Borivali, Dadar,  

                Andheri, Vile-Parle, Bandra, Fort, Churchgate, University campus, Kalina, Dahisar.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-May.

Common names: Red silk cotton tree, Silk cotton tree.

Marathi: Kate saveri, Semul, Auri.

Hindi: Savar.

Economic importance: Medicinal & the cotton obtained from the capsules is an excellent material for

                                        stuffing pillows and cushions,

 

 

87. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn -- Bombacaceae.

Located: Kanheri caves, Maharashtra Nature Park vicinities, Western railway track sides, Parel, Andheri, 

                Bandra, Fort, Churchgate, Oval ground compound, University of Mumbai, Bombay central.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-December.

Common names: Kapok tree, White silk-cotton tree.

Marathi: Pandhari-savar, Shameula.

Economic importance: The cotton obtained from the capsule is used for filling beds, cushions, pillows etc.

 

 

88. Bombax insigne  var. wightii Prain -- Bombacaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali, Forest Office, Borivali.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and scare.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-May.

 

 

89. Pseudobombax ellipticum (H.B.K.)Dugand-- Bombacaceae

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated and scare.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-May.

Economic importance: Ornamental.

 

 

90. Dombeya acutangula  Cav. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Vile-Parle, Sagar Upwan.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-January.

Economic importance: Cultivated in gardens and building compound.

 

 

91. Firmiana colorata ( Roxb.) Br -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla. 

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-May.

Common names: Scarlet sterculia.

Marathi: Kaushi, Supli, Kowsery.

Hindi: Khavas.

 

 

92. Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-January.

Common names: Bastard cedar.

Marathi: Rudrakshi.

Hindi: Rudrakshi

Economic importance: Cultivated in gardens & fibre-yielding.

 

 

93. Helicteres isora L. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Kanheri caves, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra Nature Park, Western railway track sides, 

                Goregaon, Mahakali caves, Andheri, Mud-island, Gorai creek, Grant road.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: June-September.

Common names: Screw fruit plant, East Indian screw tree.

Marathi: Ati, Kewan, Murudseng.

Economic importance: Medicinal & fibre-yielding plant.

 

 

94. Kleinhovia hospita L. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Andheri. Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: April-August.

Common names: Bataria Teak.

Economic importance: Ornamental.

 

 

95. Melochia corchorifolia L. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Andheri. Mulund, Kurla.

Status of plant in nature: Weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-September.

 

 

96. Melochia pyramidata L. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: University campus, Santacruz, Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Exotic weed recently located in Bombay (Almeida).

Flowering & fruiting period: October-November.

Marathi: Veppulari.

 

 

97. Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Bhawan's college nursery & campus, Andheri. Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Dadar.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated. 

Flowering & fruiting period: March-May.

Economic importance: Cultivated in gardens.

 

 

98. Pterospermum acerifolium (Gaertn.) Willd. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Dadar.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-August.

Marathi: Karnikar, Muchkund.

Hindi: Kanak champa.

Economic importance: Fragrant flowers for herbal cosmetics. 

 

 

99. Pterospermum xylocarpum (Gaertn.) Sant. & Wagh -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Hanging Garden.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: December- July.

Marathi: Muchkund.

Hindi: Muchkand.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

100. Heritiera littoralis Dyrand. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

 Flowering & fruiting period: July-March.

Common names: Looking glass plant.

Marathi: Sundri.

 

 

101. Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex  DC. Prodr. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Mud-island, Gorai creek. Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla. 

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-January.

 

 

102. Sterculia foetida L. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Oval ground compound, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Dadar, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-April.

Common names: Bastard tree, Poon tree.

Marathi: Jungli badam.

Hindi: Goldaru.

Economic importance: Ornamental & seeds are roasted and eaten specially at the time of scarcity.

 

 

103. Sterculia urens Roxb. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Kanheri caves, Mahakali caves.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-February.

Common name: Telnec.

Marathi: Kad, Kadai, Karanunji, Kaudal, Pandruk, Keonji.

Hindi: Kandol, Santali.

Economic importance: A gum called Katila, which is used as an interior substitute for tragacanth; roasted seeds 

                                        are edible & grounded also used as a kind of coffee.

 

 

104. Theobroma cacao L. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Bhawan's college nursery & campus, Andheri, Colaba.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-April.

Common name: Cocoa tree.

Economic importance: Seeds yield cocoa, cocoa butter used for making toffees and chocolates.

 

 

105. Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burett. -- Sterculiaceae.

Located: Dadar Parsi Colony.

Status of plant in nature: rare, Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-August, (fruits remain on plant for long time, June next year).

Hindi name: Chugaran.

 

 

106. Corchorus aestuans L. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

 Flowering & fruiting period: August - September.

 

 

107. Corchorus capsularis L. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Ghatkopar, Kurla.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-September.

Economic importance: Jute fibre is obtained from stem.

 

 

108. Corchorus olitorius L. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park and its vicinities, Central and Western railway track sides, Vikhroli,     

               Ghatkopar, Andheri, Navi Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: September.

Common name: Jute fibre plant.

Marathi: Banpat.

Hindi: Chichuria.

Economic importance: Fibre yielding plant.

 

 

109. Corchorus urticifolius Wight. & Arn. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and rare.

Flowering & fruiting period: August - September.

 

 

110. Grewia damine Gaertn. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Ismail Yusuf College, Jogeshwari, Gorai creek.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-February.

Marathi: Khanota, Barkudi.

Hindi: Bihul.

 

 

111. Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigr. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Gorai creek.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-October.

Hindi: Hasoli.

 

 

112. Grewia orientalis L. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Gorai creek.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: June-September.

 

 

113. Grewia disperma Rottl. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-November.

Marathi: Kaori, Gulgollop.

Economic importance: Fibre yielding plant, which is used for cordage. 

 

 

114. Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Sagar Upwan.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-August.

Marathi: Tadsal.

Hindi: Dhaman, Sonsaman, Rodgi.

 

 

115. Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Western railway track sides, Goregaon, Borivali, Marine Lines, Sion, Kurla, Navi Mumbai, Mankhurd.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-December.

Marathi: Nichardi.

 

 

116. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jaquin. -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi Park vicinities, Byculla, Western, Harbour railway track sides, Malad, Goregaon, 

                Borivali, Marine Lines, Dadar, Sion, Kurla, Bandra, Navi Mumbai, Mankhurd.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-November.

Common names: Burbush, Burweed.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

117. Triumfetta rotundifolia Jaquin -- Tiliaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-December.

Marathi: Menduli, Nichardi, Mendurli.

 

 

118. Muntingia calabura L. -- Elaeocarpaceae.

Located: Ghatkopar, Mud Island, Manori, Byculla, Bombay Central, Andheri, Borivali, Bandra.

Status of plant in nature: Weed, Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-October.

Common names: Panama berry, Capulin,  Calabur

Economic importance: Leaves are used for tea.

 

 

119. Guaiacum officinale L. -- Zygophyllaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Andheri, Bandra, Fort, Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-June.

Economic importance: Ornamental cultivated for its flowers in gardens.

 

 

120. Averrhoa bilimbi L. -- Averrhoaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Institute of Science, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Marathi: Bilimbi.

Hindi: Bilambi.

Economic importance: Medicinal & fruits are edible for Vitamin C.

 

 

121. Averrhoa carambola L.  -- Averrhoaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Dadar, Vile-Parle.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-August.

Common names: Tamara Tonga, Carambola, Coromandel gooseberry.

Marathi: Karmal.

Hindi: Kamrak.

Economic importance: Medicinal & fruits are edible.

 

 

122. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. -- Oxalidaceae.

Located:  Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and weed.

Flowering & fruiting period: October - November.

Common name: Sensitive wood-sorrel.

Marathi: Ladjari.

Hindi: Lajalu, lakchana.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

123. Oxalis corniculata L. var. corniculata  -- Oxalidaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-May.

Common name: Indian Sorrel.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

124. Oxalis dehradunensis Raiz. -- Oxalidaceae.

Located: University of Mumbai, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla. 

Status of plant in nature: Weed in cultivated field and new record to Mumbai.

Flowering & fruiting period: January, or February.

 

 

125. Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz. -- Malpighiaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Sagar Upwan.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Marathi: Haladvel, Madhvilata

Hindi: Madhulata

Economic importance: Medicinally used.

 

 

126. Malphigia coccigera L. -- Malpighiaceae.

Located: Institute of Science, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-March.

 

 

127. Malpighia glabra L. -- Malpighiaceae.

Located:  Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Economic importance: As an ornamental.

 

 

128. Galphimia gracilis Bartl.  -- Malpighiaceae.

Located: Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common name: Gold shower.

 

 

129. Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich. -- Malpighiaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-February.

 

 

130. Impatiens balsamina L. -- Balsaminaceae.

Located at: The Institute of Science, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated  ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: September-October.

 

 

131. Impatiens minor (DC.) Bennet. -- Balsaminaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild.

Flowering & fruiting period: July-November.

 

 

132. Impatiens sultanae Hook. -- Balsaminaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Institute of Science, Goregaon, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-February, March-June.

Economic importance: Grown in gardens and building compounds for ornamental purposes.

 

 

133. Impatiens rufescens Benth ex Wight -- Balsaminaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: August-September.

Economic importance: Cultivated for attractive flowers used for worshipping Lord Ganesh.

 

 

134. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Throughout Mumbai.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: October-November.

Common name: Bael fruit tree.

Marathi: Bael.

Hindi: Bel; Bilva.

Economic importance: Medicinal and leaves are used (for religious ceremony) to offer to Lord Shiva.

 

 

135. Atalantia racemosa Wight. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-December.

Marathi: Makad-limbu, Ran-limbu.

Economic importance: Cultivated in gardens.

 

 

136. Citrus aurantifolia (Christ) Swingle. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Western railway track sides, Institute of Science, Dadar.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Common name: Lemon.

Marathi: Limbu.

Hindi: Nibu.

Economic importance: Medicinal & fruits are used as flavouring agent in pickles, prickle preparation.

 

 

137. Citrus limon ( L.) Burm. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: January-March.

Common name: Lemon.

Marathi: Limbu.

Hindi: Nimbu.

Economic importance: Fruits pickled. Juice from leaves is very tasty as well as medicinal plant.

 

 

138. Citrus grandis Osbeck -- Rutaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan,

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November

Marathi: Papanas, Chakautara, Toranjan, Pamelo, Shaddok.

Economic importance: Fruits are edible.

 

 

139. Feronia limonia (L) Swingle -- Rutaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Malad, Sagar Upwan.

Status of plant in nature: Wild and cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-April.

Common names: The elephant apple, Wood apple.

Marathi: Kavath.

Economic importance: Medicinal & fruits are edible - ripe fruits are used for chutneys and jellies.

 

 

140. Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka -- Rutaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-January & May-July.

 

 

141. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Western railway track

                sides, Marve & Manori island, Goregaon, Sion, Andheri, Bandra, Ismail Yusuf College, Jogeshwari  

                , Bhawan's college nursery & campus, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: February-May.

Common name: Curry-leaf.

Marathi: Kadhi nim.

Hindi: Karipatta.

Economic importance: Condiment & Medicinal.

 

 

142. Murrya paniculata (L.) Jack. var. exotica (L.) Almeida. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Sanjay Gandhi Park vicinities, Maharashtra Nature Park vicinities, Byculla, road sides,

                Institute of Science, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-January & June-September.

Common names: Orange-Jessamine, Indian box tree.

Marathi: Kunti, Pandhari.

Hindi: Chula juti, Kamini.

Economic importance: Ornamental & essential oils are extracted from the flowers and are used in cosmetics.

 

 

143. Ravenia spetabilis (Lindl.) Engl. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: December-March.

Economic importance: Ornamental. 

 

 

144. Ruta graveolens L. -- Rutaceae.

Located: Maharashtra Nature Park, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: Throughout year.

Economic importance: Medicinal.

 

 

145. Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.)Wils -- Rutaceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla, Institute of Science.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: November-April.

Marathi: Chini limbu.

Hindi: Chin-ke-limbu.

Economic importance: Ornamental, fruits are edible; fruits are used to make pickles.

 

 

146. Quassia amara L. -- Simarubaceae.

Located: Mahalaxmi, Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Ornamental.

Flowering & fruiting period: April-May.

Common name: Bitterwood.

Marathi: Surinam.  

Economic importance: Ornamental.

 

 

147. Ochna obtusa var. gamblei (King ex Brandis) -- Ochnaceae.

Located:  Fort, Churchgate, Session court compound,

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated ornamental and infrequent.

Flowering & fruiting period: April-June.

Marathi: Kanak champa.

Economic importance: Flowers fragrant and attractive.

 

 

148. Ochna kirkii Oliver -- Ochnaceae.

Located: Bhawan's college nursery & campus, Andheri.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: March-May.

Economic importance: Flowers fragrant and attractive

 

 

149. Canarium vulgare Leech. -- Burseraceae.

Located: Veermata Jijabai Bhonsale Udyan, Byculla.

Status of plant in nature: Cultivated.

Flowering & fruiting period: May-August.